Kirtan - Wikipedia. Kirtana or Kirtan (Sanskrit: कीर्तन; IAST: Kīrtana) is a Sanskrit word that means "narrating, reciting, telling, describing" of an idea or story.[1][2] It also refers to a genre of religious performance arts, connoting a musical form of narration or shared recitation, particularly of spiritual or religious ideas.[1]With roots in the Vedicanukirtana tradition, a Kirtana is a call- and- response style song or chant, set to music, wherein multiple singers recite or describe a legend, or express loving devotion to a deity, or discuss spiritual ideas.[3] It may include dancing or direct expression of bhavas (emotive states) by the singer.[3] Many Kirtana performances are structured to engage the audience where they either repeat the chant,[4] or reply to the call of the singer.[5][6][7]A person performing kirtana is known as a kirtankara (or kirtankar).[8][9] A Kirtan performance includes an accompaniment of regionally popular musical instruments, such as the harmonium, the veena or ektara (forms of string instruments), the tabla (one- sided drums), the mrdanga or pakhawaj (two- sided drum), flute (forms of woodwind instruments), and karatalas or talas (cymbals).[1. This chantless Mantra (Ajapa Japa) is called Ajapa Gayatri. As you are breathing this chantless Soham in and out, you are identifying your individual self.
It is a major practice in Vaisnava devotionalism, Sikhism, the Sant traditions and some forms of Buddhism, as well as other religious groups. Kirtana is sometimes accompanied by story- telling and acting. Texts typically cover religious, mythological or social subjects.[1. Etymology and nomenclature[edit]Kirtana (Sanskrit: कीर्तन) has Vedic roots and it means "telling, narrating, describing, enumerating, reporting".[1][1. The term is found as Anukirtana (or Anukrti, Anukarana, literally a "re- telling")[1. Yajna, wherein team recitations of dialogue- style and question- answer riddle hymns were part of the ritual or celebratory dramatic performance.[1] The Sanskrit verses in chapter 1. Shatapatha Brahmana (~8. BCE), for example, are written in the form of a riddle play between two actors.[1. The Vedic sacrifice (yajna) is presented as a kind of drama, with its actors, its dialogues, its portion to be set to music, its interludes, and its climaxes. ![]() The root of Kirtana is kirt (Sanskrit: कीर्त्).[1. The root is found in the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and other Vedic literature, as well as the Vedanga and Sutras literature. Kirt, according to Monier- Williams contextually means, "to mention, make mention of, tell, name, call, recite, repeat, relate, declare, communicate, commemorate, celebrate, praise, glorify".[1. Kirtana, sometimes referred to as sankirtana (literally, "collective performance"),[1. India's bhakti devotional traditions. However, it is a heterogeneous practice that varies regionally according to Christian Novetzke, and includes varying mixture of different musical instruments, dance, oration, theatre, audience participation and moral narration.[1. In Maharashtra for example, states Novetzke, a Kirtana is a call- and- response style performance, ranging from devotional dancing and singing by a lead singer and audience, to an "intricate scholarly treatise, a social commentary or a philosophical/linguistic exposition", that includes narration, allegory, humor, erudition and entertainment – all an aesthetic part of ranga (beauty, color) of the kirtana.[2. Kirtan is locally known as Abhang, Samaj Gayan, Haveli Sangeet, Vishnupad, Harikatha.[2. The Vaishnava temples and monasteries of Hinduism in Assam and northeastern, called Satra, have a large worship hall named Kirtan ghar – a name derived from their being used for congregational singing and performance arts.[2. In regional languages, Kirtana is scripted as Bengali: কীর্তন; Nepali & Hindi: कीर्तन; Kannada: ಕೀರ್ತನೆ; Marathi: कीर्तन; Punjabi: ਕੀਰਤਨ; Tamil: கீர்த்தனை; Telugu: కీర్తన. Hinduism[edit]Musical recitation of hymns, mantras and the praise of deities has ancient roots in Hinduism, as evidenced by the Samaveda and other Vedic literature.[2. Kirtana were popularized by the Bhakti movement of medieval era Hinduism, starting with the South Indian Alvars (Vaishnavism) and Nayanars (Shaivism) around the 6th century, which spread in central, northern, western and eastern India particularly after the 1. Hindu- Muslim conflicts.[2. The foundations of the Kirtana traditions are also found in other Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavad- gita where Krishna describes multiple paths to spiritual freedom, including karma marga (way of works), jnana marga (way of knowledge) and bhakti marga (way of loving devotion to god). Kirtana relates to the bhakti marga tradition of Hinduism. References to Kirtana as a musical recitation are also found in the Bhagavata Purana, an important Vaishnava text.[2. Kirtana is often practiced as a kind of theatrical folk song with call- and- response chanting or antiphon. The ancient sage Narada revered as a musical genius, is called a kirtankar (singer of kirtana) in the Padma Purana.[2. The famous story of Prahlada in the Avatara Katha mentions kirtana as one of nine forms of worship, called the nava vidha bhakti[2. The so- called Naradiya Kirtana divides kirtana into five parts: [3. Vaishnavism[edit]. Some Vaishnavism sub- traditions believe in public kirtana performance, with songs and dance. A painting of a 1. Chaitanya group in Bengal. Kirtan as a genre of religious music has been a major part of the Vaishnavism tradition, particularly starting with the Alvars of Sri Vaishnavism sub- tradition between the 7th to 1. CE.[3. 1] After the 1. Vaishnavism, namely the Nama- kirtana wherein the different names or aspects of god (a Vishnu avatar) are extolled, and the Lila- kirtana wherein the deity's life and legends are narrated.[3. The Varkari saint Namdev (c. Vithoba, an avatar of Vishnu.[2. Marathi kirtana is typically performed by one or two main performers, called kirtankar, accompanied by harmonium and tabla. It involves singing, acting, dancing, and story- telling.[3. It is usually based on poetry of the seven famous saints of Maharashtra; Nivruttinath, Dnyaneshwar, Sopandev, Muktabai, Eknath, Namdev and Tukaram.[3. Jugalbandi Kirtan is performed by two persons, allowing question- answer, dialogue and debate. Performance requires skill in music, dance, comedy, oratory, debate, memory, general knowledge and Sanskrit literature. Training takes place at the Kirtan Kul in Sangli, the Akhil Bharatiya Kirtan Sanstha[3. Dadar, Mumbai, the Narad Mandir at Sadashiv Peth, Pune and the Kalidas Mahavidyalay in Ramtek, Nagpur as well as at smaller schools in Goa, Beed and Ujjain. Many Krishna- related kirtana center around his childhood and amorous love stories as a youth. In the early 1. 6th century CE Chaitanya Mahaprabhu popularized adolescent Krishna based san- kirtana in Bengal, with Hare Krishna mantra and other songs, wherein the love between Radha and Krishna was symbolized as the love between one's soul and God.[3. About the same time, Shankaradeva in Assam inspired Neo- Vaishnavite Bhakti movement that emphasized Advaita Vedanta philosophy within the framework of Bhagavata Purana and Vaishnavism.[3. Shankaradeva helped establish Sattras (Hindu temples and monasteries) with kirtan- ghar (also called Namghar), for singing and dramatic performance of Krishna- related theosophy.[3. Elsewhere, in Vrindavan of Braj region (Mathura), Vallabha launched a Kirtana singing devotional movement around the stories of baby Krishna and his early childhood, in early 1. Carnatic traditions[edit]In Andhra Pradesh,the compositions of Tallapaka Annamacharya, a 1. He wrote in praise of Lord Venkateswara, the deity of Seven Hills in Tirumala, where unbroken worship has been offered for over twelve centuries at the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. Annamcharya is believed to be the incarnation of Lord Venkateswara's sword.[4. During his long and prolific career, he reputedly composed and sang 3. Sankirtanas and 1. Shatakas (sets of hundred verses). His works were in Telugu and Sanskrit. Bhajan versus Kirtan[edit]A Kirtan and a Bhajan are closely related, with both sharing common aims, subjects, musical themes and being devotional performance arts. A Bhajan is more free form, can be singular melody that is performed by a single singer with or without one and more musical instruments.
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